I have just needed to install a dev package on my Xubuntu system and wanted to see what and where the package would install the files to. It seems that there is an apt-file command which is not installed by default. So I installed it…

apt-get install apt-file

and then followed by

apt-file update

In my case it wanted to update about 23.6M of information from the web. Once this was done I could run the command

apt-file list libusb-dev

and get a nice long list of what files would be installed and where they would be located.